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10. Payment - ready to pay for your Short Empire, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{infobox Aircraft |name = Empire or "C Class flying boat" |type = Flying boat mail carrier |manufacturer = [Short Brothers |image = Image:Short Empire G-AFBL Cooee - Rod El Faray - Cairo.jpg |caption = The [British Overseas Airways Corporation Short 'C' Class flying boat G-AFBL ''Cooee'', at Rod El Faray, [Egypt, c. 1942 |designer = |first flight = [3 July [1936 in aviation |introduced = |retired = |status = |primary user = [Imperial Airways |more users = |produced = |number built = 42 |unit cost = |developed from = |variants with their own articles = -->The Short Empire was a passenger and mail carrying flying boat, of the 1930s and 1940s, which flew between UK and British colonies in Africa, Asia and Australia. It was manufactured by Short Brothers and was the precursor to the more famous Short Sunderland of World War II.

Design and development The origins of the Empire boats lay in an Air Ministry requirement for passenger and mail carriers that could service the colonies particularly to make the connection to Australia.

The Empire was officially known as the C-class and each aircraft was christened with a name beginning with C. The first aircraft, G-ADHL Canopus, was completed in June 1936 and launched on 3 July. A total of 42 Empires were built, all at Short's Rochester, Kent factory.

Imperial Airways (and its successor British Overseas Airways Corporation), Qantas and TEAL operated the Short Empire.

The first series of the Short Empires, the S23, could carry 5 crew, 17 passengers, and 4,480 lb (2,035 kg) of cargo at a maximum speed of 174 knots (320 km/h).

The range of the S.23 was less than that of the US Sikorsky S-42 and as such they could not provide a trans-Atlantic service. Two boats (Caledonia and Cambria) were lightened and given long range tanks so they could make the trip but that meant they could carry fewer passengers and less cargo. In an attempt to manage the Altantic crossing a piggy-back approach was tried. Using a built up S.23 design as the main carrier and a smaller four-engined floatplane design, the Short S.20, mounted on its back. Only a single example was built of a carrier aircraft, the S.21 (Maia) and one S.20 (Mercury) together known as the Short Mayo Compositehttp://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/compopara/page14.htmlA successful mid-air launch of Mercury was made in 1938.

The S30 series were fitted with Bristol Perseus sleeve valve engines and had a strengthened airframe allowing the take off weight to be increased to 46,000 pounds and giving a range of 1,500 miles. Cabot, Caribou, Clyde and Connemara were fitted with in-flight refuelling equipment and extra fuel tanks so they could be used for a trans-atlantic airmail service. The idea behind this was for the aircraft to take off and once airborne take on extra fuel to an all up weight of 53,000 pounds giving a range of over 2,500 miles. The extra fuel did reduce the payload to 4,270 pounds against the 6,250 pounds of the standard craft. The refuelling was by 3 converted Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow bombers operating out of Ireland (1) and Dominion of Newfoundland (2).

In addition to the C class flying boats there were also three Short S.26 type built; these were known as the "G class" and had names starting with "G": Golden Hind, Golden Fleece and Golden Horn. They were a scaled up version of the C class, with a wing span of 134 ft (40.9 m) and a length of 101 ft. (30.9 m).

Variants

Service During the Second World War the UK-Australia route was stopped and a new route was established which ran from Sydney to Durban via Cairo. This was stopped after the loss of Singapore but restarted when the Japanese were ousted from Burma and Malaya

List of aircraft {|class="wikitable"|Registration|Name|Operator|-| colspan=3 |S.23|-|G-ADHL|Canopus]/British Overseas Airways Corporation|-|G-ADHM|Caledonia]|Imperial Airways, to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as serial A18-10)|-|G-ADUU|Caledonia]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUW|Castor (star)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUX|Cassiopeia (constellation)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUY|Capella (star)|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADUZ|Cygnus (constellation)|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADVA|Capricornus]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADVC|Courtier]|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADVE|Centurion (Roman army)|Imperial Airways|-|G-AETV|Coriolanus] in 1942 (as registration VH-ABG)|-|G-AETW|Calpurnia Pisonis|Imperial Airways|-|G-AETX|Ceres (mythology)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-AETY|Clio] in 1940 (as AX659)|-|G-AETZ|Circe]|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1939 not used directly, to Royal Australian Air Force (as serial A18-11)|-|G-AEUB|Camilla (mythology)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC - to Qantas (as VH-ADU)|-|G-AEUC|Corinna]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC, to RAF in 1940 (as AX660), returned to BOAC in 1941 (as G-AEUD)|-|G-AEUE|Cameronian]|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABC), to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as A18-12)|-|G-AEUH|Corio, Victoria|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABD), to Imperial Airways in 1939 (as G-AEUH)|-|G-AEUI|Coorong National Park|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABE), to Imperial Airways in 1939 (as G-AEUI)|-|G-AFBJ|Gulf of Carpentaria|Imperial Airways not used, to QANTAS in 1937 (as VH-ABA), to BOAC in 1942 (as G-AFBJ)|-|G-AFBK|Coolangatta, Queensland|Imperial Airways not used, to QANTAS in 1937 (as VH-ABB), to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as A18-13)|-|G-AFBL|Cooee]|Imperial Airways, to RAF in 1940 (as X8275), to BOAC in 1941 (as G-AFCI), retired 21 September 1947 in aviation|-|G-AFCJ| Golden Fleece] 1941 in aviation|-|G-AFCK| Golden Horn] 1943 in aviation|-| colspan=3 |S.30|-|G-AFCT| Champion]|Imperial Airways, to RAF in 1939 (as V3137)|-|G-AFCV|Caribou]|Imperial Airways|-|G-AFCX|Clyde]| Imperial Airways, to TEAL in 1940 (as ZK-AMC Awarua)] then Clare]|Imperial Airways, to TEAL in 1940 (as ZK-AMA)|-|G-AFKZ| Cathay]|BOAC, to RAAF (as A18-14), to QANTAS in 1942 (as VH-ACD)|-|G-AFRA|Cleopatra|BOAC|-|}

Operators Civil Operators

Military Operators

Specifications (Shorts S.23) {{aircraft specifications]. To add a new line, end the old one with a right parenthesis ")", and start a new fully formatted line beginning with * -->|crew=|capacity=|length main= 88 ft|length alt= 26.82m|span main= 114 ft|span alt= 34.75 m|height main= 31 ft 9¾ in|height alt= 9.70 m|area main= 1,500 ft²|area alt= 139.35 m²|airfoil=|empty weight main= 23,500 lb|empty weight alt= 10,659 kg|max takeoff weight main= 40,500 lb|max takeoff weight alt= 18,370 kg|more general=

|engine (prop)=[Bristol Pegasuss|number of props=4|power main= 920 hp|power alt= 696 kW|power original=

|max speed main= 200 mph|max speed alt= 322 km/h|range main= 760 miles|range alt= 1,223 km|ceiling main= 20,000 ft|ceiling alt= 6,100 m|more performance=|armament=|avionics=-->

References

| last = Barnes C.H. & James D.N | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Shorts Aircraft since 1900 | publisher =Putnam | date = | location =London (1989) | pages =560 | url = | doi = | id = ISBN 0-85177-819-4-->

External links

Related content Short S.26

{{aircontent] -Short Scion -Short Scion Senior -Short Empire -Short Sunderland -[Short Stirling {{infobox Aircraft |name = Empire or "C Class flying boat" |type = Flying boat mail carrier |manufacturer = [Short Brothers |image = Image:Short Empire G-AFBL Cooee - Rod El Faray - Cairo.jpg |caption = The [British Overseas Airways Corporation Short 'C' Class flying boat G-AFBL ''Cooee'', at Rod El Faray, [Egypt, c. 1942 |designer = |first flight = [3 July [1936 in aviation |introduced = |retired = |status = |primary user = [Imperial Airways |more users = |produced = |number built = 42 |unit cost = |developed from = |variants with their own articles = -->The Short Empire was a passenger and mail carrying flying boat, of the 1930s and 1940s, which flew between UK and British colonies in Africa, Asia and Australia. It was manufactured by Short Brothers and was the precursor to the more famous Short Sunderland of World War II.

Design and development The origins of the Empire boats lay in an Air Ministry requirement for passenger and mail carriers that could service the colonies particularly to make the connection to Australia.

The Empire was officially known as the C-class and each aircraft was christened with a name beginning with C. The first aircraft, G-ADHL Canopus, was completed in June 1936 and launched on 3 July. A total of 42 Empires were built, all at Short's Rochester, Kent factory.

Imperial Airways (and its successor British Overseas Airways Corporation), Qantas and TEAL operated the Short Empire.

The first series of the Short Empires, the S23, could carry 5 crew, 17 passengers, and 4,480 lb (2,035 kg) of cargo at a maximum speed of 174 knots (320 km/h).

The range of the S.23 was less than that of the US Sikorsky S-42 and as such they could not provide a trans-Atlantic service. Two boats (Caledonia and Cambria) were lightened and given long range tanks so they could make the trip but that meant they could carry fewer passengers and less cargo. In an attempt to manage the Altantic crossing a piggy-back approach was tried. Using a built up S.23 design as the main carrier and a smaller four-engined floatplane design, the Short S.20, mounted on its back. Only a single example was built of a carrier aircraft, the S.21 (Maia) and one S.20 (Mercury) together known as the Short Mayo Compositehttp://aerostories.free.fr/appareils/compopara/page14.htmlA successful mid-air launch of Mercury was made in 1938.

The S30 series were fitted with Bristol Perseus sleeve valve engines and had a strengthened airframe allowing the take off weight to be increased to 46,000 pounds and giving a range of 1,500 miles. Cabot, Caribou, Clyde and Connemara were fitted with in-flight refuelling equipment and extra fuel tanks so they could be used for a trans-atlantic airmail service. The idea behind this was for the aircraft to take off and once airborne take on extra fuel to an all up weight of 53,000 pounds giving a range of over 2,500 miles. The extra fuel did reduce the payload to 4,270 pounds against the 6,250 pounds of the standard craft. The refuelling was by 3 converted Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow bombers operating out of Ireland (1) and Dominion of Newfoundland (2).

In addition to the C class flying boats there were also three Short S.26 type built; these were known as the "G class" and had names starting with "G": Golden Hind, Golden Fleece and Golden Horn. They were a scaled up version of the C class, with a wing span of 134 ft (40.9 m) and a length of 101 ft. (30.9 m).

Variants

Service During the Second World War the UK-Australia route was stopped and a new route was established which ran from Sydney to Durban via Cairo. This was stopped after the loss of Singapore but restarted when the Japanese were ousted from Burma and Malaya

List of aircraft {|class="wikitable"|Registration|Name|Operator|-| colspan=3 |S.23|-|G-ADHL|Canopus]/British Overseas Airways Corporation|-|G-ADHM|Caledonia]|Imperial Airways, to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as serial A18-10)|-|G-ADUU|Caledonia]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUW|Castor (star)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUX|Cassiopeia (constellation)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADUY|Capella (star)|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADUZ|Cygnus (constellation)|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADVA|Capricornus]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-ADVC|Courtier]|Imperial Airways|-|G-ADVE|Centurion (Roman army)|Imperial Airways|-|G-AETV|Coriolanus] in 1942 (as registration VH-ABG)|-|G-AETW|Calpurnia Pisonis|Imperial Airways|-|G-AETX|Ceres (mythology)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC|-|G-AETY|Clio] in 1940 (as AX659)|-|G-AETZ|Circe]|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1939 not used directly, to Royal Australian Air Force (as serial A18-11)|-|G-AEUB|Camilla (mythology)|Imperial Airways, later BOAC - to Qantas (as VH-ADU)|-|G-AEUC|Corinna]|Imperial Airways, later BOAC, to RAF in 1940 (as AX660), returned to BOAC in 1941 (as G-AEUD)|-|G-AEUE|Cameronian]|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABC), to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as A18-12)|-|G-AEUH|Corio, Victoria|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABD), to Imperial Airways in 1939 (as G-AEUH)|-|G-AEUI|Coorong National Park|Imperial Airways, to QANTAS in 1938 (as VH-ABE), to Imperial Airways in 1939 (as G-AEUI)|-|G-AFBJ|Gulf of Carpentaria|Imperial Airways not used, to QANTAS in 1937 (as VH-ABA), to BOAC in 1942 (as G-AFBJ)|-|G-AFBK|Coolangatta, Queensland|Imperial Airways not used, to QANTAS in 1937 (as VH-ABB), to Royal Australian Air Force in 1939 (as A18-13)|-|G-AFBL|Cooee]|Imperial Airways, to RAF in 1940 (as X8275), to BOAC in 1941 (as G-AFCI), retired 21 September 1947 in aviation|-|G-AFCJ| Golden Fleece] 1941 in aviation|-|G-AFCK| Golden Horn] 1943 in aviation|-| colspan=3 |S.30|-|G-AFCT| Champion]|Imperial Airways, to RAF in 1939 (as V3137)|-|G-AFCV|Caribou]|Imperial Airways|-|G-AFCX|Clyde]| Imperial Airways, to TEAL in 1940 (as ZK-AMC Awarua)] then Clare]|Imperial Airways, to TEAL in 1940 (as ZK-AMA)|-|G-AFKZ| Cathay]|BOAC, to RAAF (as A18-14), to QANTAS in 1942 (as VH-ACD)|-|G-AFRA|Cleopatra|BOAC|-|}

Operators Civil Operators

Military Operators

Specifications (Shorts S.23) {{aircraft specifications]. To add a new line, end the old one with a right parenthesis ")", and start a new fully formatted line beginning with * -->|crew=|capacity=|length main= 88 ft|length alt= 26.82m|span main= 114 ft|span alt= 34.75 m|height main= 31 ft 9¾ in|height alt= 9.70 m|area main= 1,500 ft²|area alt= 139.35 m²|airfoil=|empty weight main= 23,500 lb|empty weight alt= 10,659 kg|max takeoff weight main= 40,500 lb|max takeoff weight alt= 18,370 kg|more general=

|engine (prop)=[Bristol Pegasuss|number of props=4|power main= 920 hp|power alt= 696 kW|power original=

|max speed main= 200 mph|max speed alt= 322 km/h|range main= 760 miles|range alt= 1,223 km|ceiling main= 20,000 ft|ceiling alt= 6,100 m|more performance=|armament=|avionics=-->

References

| last = Barnes C.H. & James D.N | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Shorts Aircraft since 1900 | publisher =Putnam | date = | location =London (1989) | pages =560 | url = | doi = | id = ISBN 0-85177-819-4-->

External links

Related content Short S.26

{{aircontent] -Short Scion -Short Scion Senior -Short Empire -Short Sunderland -[Short Stirling

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